Reality hidden in Fantasy: The Book of Dust

 


Review chap 1-10

Philip Pullman said “The meaning of a story emerges in the meeting between the words on the page and the thoughts in the reader's mind.” The first part of The book of Dust reminded me of an encounter with a Taiwanese lecturer who had escaped from China. According to her, She had never been interested in politics but she had to give up her contract bonus and run for her life, because she realized if her students reported on her for calling herself ‘Taiwanese’ instead of ‘Chinese,’ she could be put in jail under the charge of espionage.

 The first 10 chapters of the book mainly followed the view of a ten-year-old boy, Malcolm. He worked in the Trout, his family pub, and ran errands for the nuns in a priory, a charity under the Church. La Belle Sauvage was his canoe, where he and his deamon, Asta often spent time. One day he found out a message in an acorn for which a man was murdered.  Later, men from the CCD, an agency from the Church, came to the Trout to search for certain people. Malcolm was traced by Dr. Relf, who worked for Oakley Street, a secret organization against CCD and members passed information through acorns. Malcolm helped Dr. Relf to pass on news he had heard from the pub. In the meantime, a woman from CCD went to Malcolm’s elementary school, recruiting students to report on their teachers. Malcolm got attached to a six-month old baby, Lyra, in the priory. She was an illegitimate daughter from Mrs. Coulter and Lord Asriel. It turned out that Mrs. Coulter was the head of CCD, and she wanted Lyra for a self-serving reason. Lord Asriel was chased by enemies but he managed to see her daughter in the priory.

 The most clever invention of the book is to put traditional theology into clear visibility. A person has three elements, which are body, deamon and ghost. Deamon is the spiritual part of a person. If a deamon dies, the body can not live. What’s left in a person is a ghost. Pullman has claimed to be agnostic because he believes in democracy instead of authority, but he passes on the church tradition through his literature so that children can get close to theological ideas though kids are bound to be raised in a system without God. That’s why he was knighted in 2019. It is a world going downward with capitalism in terms of morality, but theological spirit may save people in some ways.

 Pullman used CCD to allude to the atrocity of past church authority. Amazingly, it is not very different from modern day brutality of authoritarian countries. With modern technology, totalitarian countries can even clamp people tighter than ever. Reading what CCD did brought back horrible feelings as if I were watching the news about China. Recently they are sending people to abandoned buildings for Covid 19 quarantine, and many people climbed walls to escape because there would be food shortage and they could possibly die for lack of care. A man who had draped two large banners calling for an end to China's harsh zero-Covid policy was arrested and secretly executed. As in the book, people in China were taken away for disrespect of the system and could not be found anymore. This book is as realistic as George Orwell’s 1984.

 

Review Chapter 11-18

I used to have a wayward student, who created all sorts of troubles, such as bullying classmates and lashing out at teachers. I made a schedule to talk to him every week.  After a few times, he told me he had tried to commit suicide at home, and I was petrified with anxiety of his safety. Therefore, I immediately applied for a meeting with the school psychiatrist. Surprisingly, She was calm as if nothing was abnormal, and she asked me to pose some more questions to the students to clarify his feelings, such as 'what emotions made you do this?' 'is it anger, frustration, sadness,...?' 'What emotion made you take an action inward to yourself, and what made you take it outward to others?' I was in awe and realized that language has many layers of depth. Pullman designed the object of Alethiometer to bring up the concept.

 Following the story, Malcolm met a man with a  three-leg hyena deamon. Dr. Relf told him that the man’s name was Gerard Bonneville. He was a criminal and intended to take revenge on Mrs. Coulter. She had testified against him and put him into jail because he had secretly researched Dust, a matter relating to consciousness. Dr. Relf also told Malcolm about the language of alethiometer. Malcolm tried to warn people about the flood, but nobody took his words seriously. During the flood, Malcolm and Alice, a co-worker at the pub, were taking Lyra in his boat to Jordan College. In the tower of the college, Dr. Relf and other members of Oakley Street talked about Lyra. According to the prophecy from the witches, ‘Lyra was destined to put an end to detiny’. Bonneville had tried to get the child in order to bargain with the Magisterium, the authority of the church, so he could get back his laboratory.

 In the book, alethiometer can be used as a metephor of psychoanalysis. It had thirty-six symbols arranged around the dial. When a question was asked by the gifted reader, the hand and needles moved to respective symbols. There were more than twelve layers of meanings below each symbol. The more precisely a question was asked, the better fitted the answers were. The manner of asking questions was just like how a psychiatrist works. And the process of interpretation was like ‘free association’ of a patient under guidance during psychoanalysis sessions. Then the psychiatrist will fetch the meanings deep into a patient’s subconsciousness. I have read works of and about Freud, in which cases were discussed and there was success about how subconscious feelings were known to the patients then the symptoms that had troubled them were gone. Therefore I believe that everyone should trace down one’s subconscious emotions and understand more about oneself.

 Freud had a very unusual habit, that is to put down his dreams immediately after it happened in order to get a fuller understanding about himself.  In the book, there is a small part talking about dreams. When a person dreams, the deamon may change into a butterfly. I sometimes had very creative dreams, and when I woke up I was amazed and wondered what a master artist had been living in my brain. It’s a pity that I am not as diligent as Freud so I forgot most of my breathtaking dreams.

 Pullman depicted Bonneville as a complicated character. He could be both intimidating and charming. He had been zealous about his research on Dust, but was deprived of all his equipment. His spirit reflected by his three-leg daemon was described as disabled, unpleasant, scornful, defensive and also can be vulnerable. He later acted just like his savenger deamon, trying to steal and kill in order to get back what he had lost. Likewise, as a laughing hyena, he had to be hypocritical to pursue his objective. Pullman was actually doing the reading through the daemon of a person that could not easily be described according to his appearance.

 

Review Chapter 19-end

There were numerous occasions when I encountered problems, occurring to me too tricky to find a solution. However, when I cleared my head and thought about the leads, the blurred picture of the problem became focused and the means to solve the problem stood out. It was like how Malcolm and Alice tried to save Lyra from the priory. They first worried about how they would recognize the baby girl among so many infants. Then they couldn't figure out how to get her through a water tunnel.

 Malcom and Alice were determined to save Lyra, then they conquered the obstacles and succeeded. After a subsequent long journey, they almost lost Lyra to a woman on an island. Meeting one problem after another, they had an almost fatal encounter with Bonneville.

 There are some paragraphs written like an allegory of marriage. Before Bonneville showed up, Malcolm and Alice felt his shadow and their relationship became rough.  When Bonneville appeared, he first threw away Alice's deamon, so Alice had to seek her own deamon into the wood. Keeping Alice away from Malcolm gave Bonneville a chance to do damage to her. Before Malcolm could find her, he had to suffer from the pain of keeping away from his own deamon. It was like a man has to distance his own emotion and to make sacrifices in order to save his marriage.

 This book is basically Malcolm's story. In a biblical manner, he is like John that paved the road for the One, in this case, Lyra. Pullman has used metaphors from the biblical elements, such as the flood, the journey before Jesus was delivered, and the Baptist John that paved the road for Jesus. The Bible is the legendary history of Israel.  Then it prevails over the Christrian world, mostly in Europe and North America. In the past decades, the relationship between people and church has loosened or even become non-existant, but the essence of Jesus's compassion and leniency is still the power behind our civilization. The book is profound to me, so it evokes my memories and inspires me to write.

 

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